Research Publications — Open Capital Infrastructure

2005

Journal

Defining the 'Social' in 'Social Entrepreneurship': Altruism and Entrepreneurship

Tan, W.L., Williams, J. & Tan, T.M.

International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 1(3), 353–365

This paper proposes a definition of social entrepreneurship grounded in the concept of altruism, providing a taxonomy that distinguishes ventures where social purpose is integral from those where it is incidental. The framework identifies multiple forms social entrepreneurship can take, illustrated through cases from Asia.

Relevance to This Platform

This is the foundational paper. The taxonomy of mission-embedded versus incidentally social ventures directly informs how we distinguish structural inclusion from marketing claims in tokenized capital infrastructure.

DOI: 10.1007/s11365-005-2600-x Springer

2015

Journal

Social Entrepreneurship Intentions of Nonprofit Organizations

Tan, W.L. & Yoo, S.J.

Journal of Social Entrepreneurship, 6(1), 103–125

This study explores the factors that influence social entrepreneurship intentions at the organizational level within nonprofit organizations. It examines how organizational attributes — including the commercial experience of leadership, entrepreneurial orientation, collective efficacy, and resource availability — shape the decision to pursue new social ventures.

Relevance to This Platform

The finding that organizational-level attributes — not just individual intent — determine social entrepreneurship outcomes validates our approach of encoding mission into organizational architecture rather than relying on leadership goodwill.

DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2014.954260

2007

Journal

Entrepreneurship as a Wealth Creation and Value-Adding Process

Tan, W.L.

Journal of Enterprising Culture, 15(2), 101–105

This paper articulates entrepreneurship as fundamentally a process of creating wealth and adding value — not merely extracting it. It positions the entrepreneur as an agent whose success is measured by the net value created for stakeholders, not solely by private returns.

Relevance to This Platform

The value-creation framing directly informs our non-negotiable principle that no revenue extraction is permitted without proportional value creation — operationalized through the published fee-to-yield ratio constraint.

DOI: 10.1142/S0218495807000058

2007

Journal

The Effects of Entrepreneurial Growth Orientation on Organizational Change and Firm Growth

Tan, W.L., Menkhoff, T. & Chay, Y.W.

Small Enterprise Research, 15(2), 88–99

This study examines how a firm's entrepreneurial growth orientation drives organizational change and sustainable growth. It provides empirical evidence that growth-oriented ventures require deliberate structural adaptation — not just ambition — to achieve lasting outcomes.

Relevance to This Platform

The emphasis on structural adaptation for sustainable growth reinforces our design principle that scaling tokenized capital infrastructure requires governance mechanisms that evolve with the platform — hence the governance-constrained upgradeability requirement in our token architecture.

DOI: 10.5172/ser.15.2.88